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"The English don't have to know they know Shakespeare — he is in their blood." With this quotation from Mansfield Park John Bayley introduces the proposition that the Russians don't have to know they know Pushkin: he is in their blood.¹ The same statement could with equal justice be made of the Russians and three of Pushkin's contemporaries — not only Pushkin but also Griboyedov, Lermontov and Gogol, the classic beginnings of the classic century. A Russian does not have to know he knows Gogol: he is in the blood. Valery Bryusov in his article on Gogol of 1909, "Burnt to Ashes", can make the assumption that, "In school we all learned by heart the passage from A Terrible Vengeance that begins: "Enchanting is the Dnieper in tranquil weather""² Vladimir Nabokov, talking of the early Gogol of Evenings on a Farm near Dikan"ka and Mirgorod, asserts the same familiarity from a different perspective: "It was this kind of stuff, the juvenilia of the false humorist Gogol, that teachers in Russian schools crammed down a fellow's throat."³ It is safe, therefore, to assume that Bulgakov enjoyed or underwent a similar literary education at school. From this point of view it becomes more understandable that, when Bulgakov's library was catalogued in 1969 (he died in 1940), among the eighty-two remaining items there was no Gogol and there was no Pushkin.⁴

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-19626-5_8

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